How to use a fire extinguisher: the PASS method and when not to try

Three checks before you act

A household extinguisher is for a small fire caught early. Before approaching, alert everyone in the home, make sure there is a clear exit behind you, and confirm somebody is calling the emergency number.

• Is the fire small and contained? If not, leave.
• Is your escape route clear behind you? If not, leave.
• Is smoke thick or spreading fast? Leave and close the door.

Which type to keep at home

A multipurpose dry powder extinguisher covers most household fires. In the kitchen, a unit rated for cooking oils and fats avoids splashing burning grease. Never use water on burning oil or on live electrical equipment.

Check the label, the pressure gauge and the service date. Store it accessible and near an exit, not at the back of the kitchen.

The PASS sequence

Stand two to three metres back, with your exit behind you and any draught at your back if you are outdoors.

• Pull the safety pin.
• Aim the nozzle at the base of the flames, not the tips.
• Squeeze the handle steadily.
• Sweep from side to side until the fire is out.

When not to intervene

If the fire grows, reaches curtains, furniture or the extractor hood, if smoke builds, if the extinguisher empties without control, or if you hesitate, get out, close the door behind you, warn neighbours and wait for the fire service outside.

Even if the fire looks out, do not go back in until responders say it is safe: it can reignite and the air can stay toxic.