Home smoke alarms: placement, testing and fire response

Smoke, heat and carbon monoxide alarms differ

A smoke alarm detects particles associated with a fire and can warn before smoke blocks an exit. It does not replace a carbon monoxide alarm. Combination products must clearly identify every hazard they detect.

• Choose a residential alarm certified to the applicable smoke-alarm standard.
• Prefer an accessible test button and clear low-battery and end-of-life signals.
• Interconnected alarms can be useful in large or multi-level homes.
• Check building requirements and local regulations before installation.

Place alarms where they can wake you

Follow the model's manual and prioritise escape routes and areas near bedrooms. Multi-level homes may need at least one alarm on each level. Keep alarms audible with doors closed and free from obstruction.

• Avoid positions next to kitchens, bathrooms, steam and routine cooking smoke.
• Follow specified distances from walls, corners, fans and vents.
• Never paint the alarm or cover its openings.
• Consider compatible visual or vibrating alerts for people with hearing loss.

Test, clean and replace

Use the test button as often as the manufacturer states, clean without wetting or opening the sensor, and replace batteries or the whole unit when due. Mark the installation date and keep the manual. Follow the label or end-of-life signal rather than assuming every model lasts the same time.

Use an extinguisher only with a safe exit

Only consider an extinguisher for a small, early-stage fire after warning others, when everyone can leave and the exit remains behind you. If smoke is present, the fire grows, electrical equipment or batteries are involved, or you are uncertain, close the door as you leave, evacuate and call emergency services from safety.

• Learn the instructions before an emergency without discharging the unit.
• Remove the safety pin, aim at the base and sweep side to side from the stated distance.
• Stop immediately if the fire does not go out or your escape route changes.
• Use a qualified company for inspections required by applicable local rules.

Act when the alarm sounds

Warn everyone and check the escape route without moving toward the fire. If it is clear, leave, close doors behind you, avoid elevators and call your local emergency number (112 in Spain) from outside. If smoke or flames block the route, do not cross them: move to a distant room, close the door, call emergency services and give your precise location.